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  • Q1:4. The figure indicates a two-dimensional diffuser that produces no net turning of the flow. For the geometry shown, calculate the overall stagnation pres- sure ratio for a flight Mach number of 3.0. Neglect all losses except those occurring in the shocks. Would this diffuser be easy to start?See Answer
  • Q2: Problem 3.21. Microscopic particles that are suspended in gas are driven from high temperature to low temperature regions. This process is called thermophoresis. In the absence of other particle diffusive transport mechanisms, the slip velocity (velocity between gas and particle) caused by thermophoresis can be found from [Talbot et al., 1980; Friedlander, 2000]: UTP = mol k (17+ C,(2) k₁ P -2C,V = V k (1+6C Kn) 1+2 +4C, Kn where d is the particle diameter, kp is the thermal conductivity of the particle, all properties without a subscript represent the gas, and C, 1.17; C = 2.18; C = 1.14. Kn₁ = 2/d πΜ 2R T u VT T +C, (2Kn) C- 1/2 P (Knudsen number) (1.5.10) (Gas molecular mean free path) C=1+2Kn [1.257 +0.4cxp(-0.55/ Kn)] (Cunningham correction factor) Consider a flat and horizontal surface that is at a temperature of 398 K, and is cooled by a parallel air flow. The air has a pressure of 0.1 bar and a temperature of 253 K, and flows with a far-field velocity of 20 m/s with respect to the surface. At a distance of 0.5 m downstream from the leading edge of the surface, calculate the thermophoretic velocity in the vertical (y) direction of a metallic spherical particle that is 0.5 µm in diameter and has the thermophysical properties of cupper, when it is 1 mm away from the surface. How does this velocity compare with the fluid velocity in the y direction?See Answer
  • Q3: PROBLEM 2 Problem 3.19. Consider the roof of a car that is moving in still, atmospheric air with a speed of 100 km/h. The air temperature is 300 K. a) Assuming that the car's roof is adiabatic, calculate the temperature of the roof's surface temperature at 0.25 m behind the leading edge of the roof. b) Assume that a bug, which can be idealized as a sphere with 0.29 mm diameter, is trapped in the boundary layer at the location described in part a so that its center is 1.13 mm away from the wall. Estimate the drag force experienced by the bug. Also estimate the velocity difference across the bug's body. You can find the drag coefficient for the bug from C₁ = [√25/Re, +0.5407], where d is the diameter of the bug. c) How would you find the air temperature where the bug is located? (Note that you do not need to do calculations. You only need to explain.)See Answer
  • Q4:Q1 (a) Define, in words, the zeroth law of thermodynamics. (b) Explain, in words, the concept of entropy and its connection to the second law of thermodynamics. (c) Identify and describe briefly four forms of heat transfer [2/10 marks] (e) Define, in words, the third law of thermodynamics. [2/10 marks] [2/10 marks] (d) Give two reasons why the maximum feasible officiency of a cyclic heat power plant cannot be achieved in practice. [2/10 marks] [2/10 marks]See Answer
  • Q5:4.1 A waste stabilization pond is used to treat a dilute municipal wastewater before the liquid is dis- charged into a river. The inflow to the pond has a flow rate of Q = 4,000 m³/day and a BOD concentration of Cin=25 mg/L. The volume of the pond is 20,000 m³. The purpose of the pond is to allow time for the decay of BOD to occur before discharge into the environ- ment. BOD decays in the pond with a first-order rate constant equal to 0.25/day. What is the BOD concen- tration at the outflow of the pond, in units of mg/L?See Answer
  • Q6:pona, units of mg/L? 4.2 A mixture of two gas flows is used to calibrate an air pollution measurement instrument. The calibra- tion system is shown in Figure 4.23. If the calibration gas concentration Ceal is 4.90 ppm,, the calibration gas flow rate Qcal is 0.010 L/min, and the total gas flow rate Qtotal is 1.000 L/min, what is the concentration of calibration gas after mixing (Ca)? Assume the con- centration upstream of the mixing point is zero.See Answer
  • Q7:4.12 Calculate the hydraulic residence times (the retention time) for Lake Superior and for Lake Erie using data in Table 4.3.See Answer
  • Q8:4.13 The total flow at a wastewater treatment plant is 600 m³/day. Two biological aeration basins are used to remove BOD from the wastewater and are operated in parallel. They each have a volume of 25,000 L. In hours, what is the aeration period of each tank?See Answer
  • Q9:/n Assignment 4: Supersonic Flow over a Cone ASEN 5151 Spring 2024 For this assignment you should upload your submission in two parts: • Any written work for each part, along with any code outputs (tables or graphs - includ- ing any requested numerical outputs) compiled into a single PDF document should be uploaded to the "Assignment 4" assignment on Gradescope. • All code used to generate your results should be uploaded to the "Assignment 4 - Code" assignment on Gradescope. If either part is missing, you will receive a zero for the entire assignment. Write a code to solve the conical shock wave problem in which you specify the cone angle Sc and freestream Mach number M₁ and calculate the shock wave angle, 0. The inputs to your program should be the specific heat ratio y, the freestream Mach number M₁, the cone angle dc, the convergence tolerance for the cone angle ɛ, and the number of integration points N to be used. The outputs to your code should consist of the shock wave angle 0s, the stagnation pressure ratio across the shock p02/P01, the cone surface Mach number Mc, the cone surface pressure coefficient (Cp)c, and at each angular location, the non-dimensionalized velocity components V, and V2, the Mach number M, and the local-to-freestream ratios of static pressure, static temperatures, and static density, p/p₁, T/T₁, and p/p₁. To check for convergence of the cone angle, compute the relative error and compare with the convergence tolerance ε: r و - relative error || Sc — § (²) | |8c| To demonstrate your program, run it for a freestream Mach number of M₁ = = 2.4, a cone - (8, 16, 32) for air (y = 1.405) semi-angle of c = 16°, using three different grid spacings: N with a cone angle convergence criteria of € = 10-6. For each grid spacing, please output the following to at least 5 significant figures: (a) The shock wave angle; (b) The cone surface pressure coefficient; (c) The cone surface Mach number. Compare to the NACA 1135 charts. In addition, include plots of the Mach number and pressure distribution (P/P₁) between the shock and cone surface. For your x-axis, plot the coordinate as descending (such that from left-to-right you march from the shock to the cone surface). For both plots, include all three grid solutions on one plot to verify grid convergence. Finally, export a .dat file with the angular distribution of , Vr, V₁, M, P/P₁, and T/T₁ for the N - 16 grid reported to 5 significant figures. Include this table in your PDF write-up. = 1See Answer
  • Q10:) Prob 1.) Consider a quasi-1-D steady adiabatic flow of 100 kg/s of neon gas (a monatomic gas that is calorically perfect) confined in a converging-diverging nozzle. A normal shock occurs at the nozzle exit plane at (2)→ (3) as shown. Friction is insignificant.See Answer
  • Q11:Problem 2.) SELECT THE BEST RESPONSE Given: These equations are valid for 1-D SSSF with no external heat transfer and no external work for a calorically perfect gas with constant R, Cv, Cp & y. CIRCLE the best response (A, B, C or D) concerning the validity of each equation for other types of matter.See Answer
  • Q12: Page 4) Given: Steady-state-steady-flow of a compressible gas. A thin normal shock occurs and is shown for a control volume fixed on the wave. Relative flow at (1) approaches the shock from upstream and uniform relative flow at (2) movies away downstream of the shock. For this flow situation only the pressures and densities are known. The gas is not thermally perfect. Starting from 1st principles develop the following general relationship for the shock speed of a wave moving into a static fluid. This is the shock speed (left-right) viewed from the ground.See Answer
  • Q13:3. The figure indicates a hypothetical one-dimensional supersonic inlet installed in a wind tunnel and equipped with a throttle valve by which the downstream static pressure p: might be varied. Suppose that the inlet is designed for a Mach number M-3.0 and that with this flight Mach number the shock has been swallowed and an internal shock exists, as at. Neglecting all losses except those occurring in the shock, calculate and plot the shock Mach num- ber M, and the stagnation pressure ratio Puz/pa. as a function of the static pressure ratio p/p. (for y=1.4). Let p/p. range from unity to well beyond that value which disgorges the shock. See Answer
  • Q14:5. Sketched are three supersonic inlets: an isentropic inlet, the Kantrowitz- Donaldson inlet of Fig. 6.10, and a simple normal shock inlet. For flight Mach numbers M from 1 to 4, calculate the plot poz/Po as a function of M. with each inlet operating with best back pressure.See Answer
  • Q15:6. It was shown that, during starting, an isentropic diffuser would experience a detached shock and consequent losses. In order to swallow the shock, a fixed- geometry diffuser must be overspeeded. However, as shown in Fig. 6.9, as the design Mach number increases, the required overspeeding increases very rapidly, so that even if the aircraft could be infinitely overspeeded, the design Mach number would be limited to a finite value. Assuming one-dimensional flow and constant y (1.4), determine the absolute maximum design Mach number for which an otherwise isentropic diffuser of fixed geometry may be expected to start, any amount of overspeed being possible.See Answer
  • Q16: 5. (15 pts) During actual expansion and compression processes of gases, pressure and volume are often related by PV" = C (where n and C are constants. Such processes are called Polytropic Processes.) In a certain system under study, air goes through such a polytropic process where the temperatures and pressures change from 325 K and 125 kPa to 500 K and 300 kPa respectively. Find the polytropic exponent n and the mass specific work in the process.See Answer
  • Q17: 4. (15 pts) Initially, 1.361 kg of steam is contained in a piston-cylinder device at 260°C with a quality of0.7. Heat is added at constant pressure to allow for expansion while all of the liquid is vaporized. The steam then expands adiabatically at constant temperature to a pressure of 2758 kPa, behaving essentially as an ideal gas. Determine the work done BY the steam ON the piston. Determine the work done BY the piston ON the atmosphere. What is the useful amount of mechanical work produced in this process?See Answer
  • Q18: An oil pump is drawing 35 kW of electric power while pumping oil with p= 860 kg/m³ at a rate of 0.1 m³/s. The inlet and outlet diameters of the pipe are 8 cm and 12 cm, respectively. If the pressure rise of oil in the pump is measured to be 400 kPa and the motor efficiency is 90 percent,determine the mechanical efficiency of the pump. See Answer
  • Q19: Consider 5 kg of air initially at 101.3 kPa and 38°C.Heat is transferred to the air until the temperature reaches 260°C. Determine the change of internal energy, the change in enthalpy, the heat transfer, and the work done for (a) a constant-volume process and(h) a constant-pressure process. Use SI units.See Answer
  • Q20: An insulated container, filled with 10 kg of liquid|water at 20°C, is fitted with a stirrer. The stirrer is made to turn by lowering a 25-kg object outside the container a distance of 10 m using a frictionless pulley system. The local acceleration of gravity is9.7 m/s². Assume that all work done by the object is transferred to the water and that the water is incompressible. A. Determine the work transfer (kJ) to the water. B. Determine the increase in internal energy (kJ) ofthe water. C. Determine the final temperature (°C) of thewater. D. Determine the heat transfer (kJ) from the waterrequired to return the water to its initialtemperature.See Answer

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